November 17 - The Soviet automatic robot Lunokhod 1 landed on the moon with Luna 17. September 12 - The Soviet craft Luna 16 was launched and became the first automatic spacecraft to return soil samples of the moon. July 20 - Neil Armstrong and "Buzz" Aldrin became the first men on the moon. December 21 - Apollo 8 was launched, and later her crewmembers became the first men to orbit the moon. September 15 - The Soviet spacecraft Zond 5 was launched and later became the first spacecraft to orbit the moon and return to Earth. October 18 - A descent capsule from the Soviet probe Venera 4 collected data about the atmosphere of Venus. Komarov was killed in a crash when the parachute on his Soyuz 1 spacecraft failed to deploy. January 27 - Astronauts Gus Grissom, Ed White, and Roger Chaffee were killed in an accidental fire in a command module on the launch pad. June 2 - Surveyor 1 became the first American spacecraft to land on the moon. February 3 - The Russian spacecraft Luna 9 became the first spacecraft to land on the moon. July 14 - The spacecraft Mariner 4 transmitted the first pictures of Mars. June 3 - Astronaut Ed White became the first American to walk in space. March 18 - While tethered to his spacecraft, cosmonaut Alexi Leonov became the first man to walk in space. June 16 - Valentina Nikolayeva Tereshkova became the first woman in space. February 20 - Astronaut John Glenn became the first American in orbit. May 25 - President Kennedy challenged the country to put a man on the moon by the end of the decade. May 5 - Astronaut Alan Shepard became the first American in space. April 12 - Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human in space. 
They became the first living beings to survive a trip into space. August 19 - The Soviet craft Sputnik 5 was launched, carrying the dogs Strelka and Belka.The satellite was sent aloft from Cape Canaveral in Florida by the Jupiter C rocket that was designed, built, and launched by the Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA) under the direction of Dr.
It was designed and built by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) of the California Institute of Technology. January 31 - Explorer 1 was the first satellite launched by the United States when it was sent into orbit on January 31, 1958.November 3 - The Soviet spacecraft Sputnik 2 was launched with a dog named Laika on board.October 4 - The Soviet Union launched the first satellite, Sputnik, into space.Finding Aids for Records on Space Exploration.Information about the United States space flight programs, including NASA missions and the astronauts who participate in the efforts to explore Earths galaxy.
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